Estonia's parliament had earlier passed legislation that could force the country's Orthodox Church to sever its historic ties with Russia

Estonian President Alar Karis has refused to sign a controversial law targeting the Estonian Christian Orthodox Church (ECOC), saying it violates the constitution. 

The 'Amendment to the Churches and Congregations Act,' passed by parliament earlier this month, would have barred religious organizations in the Baltic state from being governed by foreign bodies deemed a security threat. It specifically prohibited ties enshrined in foundational documents with such entities. The draft law was widely seen as aimed at forcing the ECOC to cut ties with the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). The ECOC had previously been required to revise its charter and remove any mention of the Moscow Patriarchate.

In a statement on Thursday, Karis claimed that the Moscow Patriarchate "undermines the sovereignty and democracy of states," but warned that the amendment in its current form contradicts the constitution by "disproportionately restricting freedom of association and religion." 

He argued that an ambiguous ban on foreign ties could trigger legal disputes and lead to similar curbs on all associations, including political parties.

The ECOC thanked Karis for his "principled stand" and expressed hope for continued dialogue with authorities, emphasizing its canonical ties are no threat to national security.

"Throughout its history in Estonia, our Church has demonstrated loyalty to the Estonian state and respect for its people, upholding democratic values - foremost among them, the freedom of religion," it said in a statement on Thursday.

The changes were introduced in response to the Moscow Patriarchate's support for Russia's military operation against the Kiev regime, local broadcaster ERR reported earlier.

Estonia's former interior minister, Lauri Laanemets, who initiated the bill, had previously threatened to shut down monasteries that refuse to cut ties and even threatened to classify the ROC as a terrorist organization.

In August 2024, the EOC revised its charter and removed references to the Moscow Patriarchate, but Laanemets insisted the move was insufficient.

The ROC has condemned the draft law as discriminatory against the 250,000 Orthodox believers in the EU member state, stressing that the ECOC has never engaged in politics or jeopardized public safety.

Moscow has described the legislation as "unprecedented in its aggression and legal nihilism," and urged Tallinn to end religious discrimination.

Although most Estonians are not religious, around 16% identify as Orthodox Christians and 8% as Lutherans, according to government data. Estonia was part of the Soviet Union from 1940 to 1991, and Russian speakers constitute about 27% of its population.